Head/Tail Analysis Jobs

Table of Contents

Head/tail analysis configuration
Job output
Configuration properties

Perform head/tail analysis of queries from collections of raw or aggregated signals, to identify underperforming queries and the reasons. This information is valuable for improving overall conversions, Solr configurations, auto-suggest, product catalogs, and SEO/SEM strategies, in order to improve conversion rates.

Default job name

COLLECTION_NAME_head_tail

Input

Raw or aggregated signals (the COLLECTION_NAME_signals or COLLECTION_NAME_signals_aggr collections by default)

Output

Rewrites for underperforming queries (the _query_rewrite_staging collection by default)
Analytics tables (the COLLECTION_NAME_job_reports collection by default)

query

count_i

type

timstamp_tdt

user_id

doc_id

session_id

fusion_query_id

Required signals fields:

A minimum of 10,000 signals is required to successfully run this job.

You can review the output from this job by navigating to Relevance > Rules > Rewrite > Head/Tail. See Underperforming query rewriting for more information.

Head/tail analysis configuration

The job configuration must specify the following:

The signals collection (the Input Collection parameter)

Signals can be raw (the COLLECTION_NAME_signals collection) or aggregated (the _signals_aggr collection).
The query string field (the Query Field Name parameter)
The event count field

For example, if signal data follows the default Fusion setup, then count_i is the field that records the count of raw signals and aggr_count_i is the field that records the count after aggregation.

The job allows you to analyze query performance based on two different events:

The main event (the mainType/Main Event Type parameter)
The filtering/secondary event (the filterType/Filtering Event Type parameter)

If you only have one event type, leave this parameter empty.

For example, if you specify the main event to be clicks with minimum count of 0 and the filtering event to be queries with minimum count of 20, then the job will filter on the queries that get searched at least 20 times and check among those popular searched queries to see which ones didn’t get clicked at all or only a few times.

An example configuration is shown below:

Head/Tail job config

The suggested schedule for this head-n-tail analysis job is to run bi-weekly or monthly. You can change schedule under the run panel.

Job output

By default, the output collection is the <input-collection>_job_reports collection. The head/tail job adds a set of analytics results tables to the collection. You can find these table names in the doc_type_s field of each document:

overall_distribution
summary_stat
queries_ordered
tokens_ordered
queryLength
tail_reasons
tail_rewriting

You can use App Insights to visualize each of these tables:

In the Fusion workspace, navigate to Analytics > App Insights.

The App Insights dashboard appears.
On the left, click Analytics .
Under Standard Reports, click Head Tail analysis.

The Head/Tail Analysis job output tables appear. These are described in more detail below.

Head/Tail Plot (`overall_distribution`)

This head/tail distribution plot provides an overview of the query traffic distribution. In order to provide better visualization, the unique queries are in descending order based on traffic and put into bins of 100 queries on the x axis, with the sum of traffic coming from each bin on the y axis.

For example, the head/tail distribution plot below shows a long tail, indicating that the majority of queries produce very little traffic. The goal of analyzing this data is to shorten that tail, so that a higher proportion of your queries produce traffic.

Head/Tail Plot

Green = head
Yellow = torso
Red = tail

Summary Stats (`summary_stat`)

This user-configurable summary statistics table shows how much traffic is produced by various query groups, to help understand the head/tail distribution.

Summary Stats table

You can configure this table before running the job. Click Advanced in the Head/Tail Analysis job configuration panel, then tune these parameters:

Top X% Head Query Event Count (topQ)
Number of Queries that Constitute X% of Total Events (trafficPerc)
Bottom X% Tail Query Event Count (lastTraffic)
Event Count Computation Threshold (trafficCount)

Query Details (`queries_ordered`)

The Query Details table helps you discover which queries are the best performers and which are worst. You can filter results by issuing a search in the search bar. For example, search "segment_s:tail" to get tail queries or search "num_events_l:0" to get zero results queries. (Note: field names are listed in the "what is this" toolkit).

Query Details table

Top Tokens (`tokens_ordered`)

The "Top Tokens" table lists the number of times each token shown in the queries.

Query Details table

Query Length (`queryLength`)

This table shows how users are querying your database. Are most people searching very long strings or very short strings? These distributions will give you insight into how to tune your search engine to be performant on the majority of queries.

Query Length table

Tail Reasons table and pie chart (`tail_reasons`)

Based on the difference between the tail and head queries, the Head/Tail Analysis job assigns probable reasons for why any given query is a tail query. Tail reasons are displayed as both a table and a pie chart:

Tail Reasons table

Tail Reasons pie chart

Pre-defined tail reasons

Based on Lucidworks' observations on different signal datasets, we summarize tail reasons into several pre-defined categories:

spelling

The query contains one or more misspellings; we can apply spelling suggestions based on the matching head.

number

The query contains an attribute search on a specific dimension. To normalize these queries we can parse the number to deal with different formatting, and/or pay attention to unit synonyms or enrich the product catalog. For example, "3x5" should be converted to "3’ X 5’" to match the dimension field.

other-specific

The query contains specific descriptive words plus a head query, which means the user is searching for a very specific product or has a specific requirement. We can boost on the specific part for better relevancy.

other-extra

This is similar to ‘other-specific’ but the descriptive part may lead to ambiguity, so it requires boosting the head query portion of the query instead of the specific or descriptive words.

rare-term

The user is searching for a rare item; use caution when boosting.

re-wording

The query contains a sequence of terms in a less-common order. Flipping the word order to a more common one can change a tail query to a head query, and allows for consistent boosting on the last term in many cases.

stopwords

Query contains stopwords plus head query. We would need to drop stopwords.

Custom dictionary

You can also specify your own attributes through a keywords file in CSV format. The header of the CSV file must be called "keyword" and "type", and stopwords must be called "stopword" for the program to recognize them.

Below is an example dictionary that defines "color" and "brand" reason types. The job will parse the tail query, assign reasons such as "color" or "brand", and perform filtering or focused search on these fields. (Note: color and brand are also the field names in your catalog.)

keyword,type
a,stopword
an,stopword
and,stopword
blue,color
white,color
black,color
hp,brand
samsung,brand
sony,brand

How to install a custom dictionary

Construct the CSV file as described above.
Upload the CSV file to the blob store.

Note the blob ID.
In the Head/Tail Analysis job configuration, enter the blob ID in the Keywords blob name (keywordsBlobName) field.

Head Tail Similarity (`tail_rewriting`)

For each tail query (the tailQuery_orig field), Fusion tries to find its closest matching head queries (the headQuery_orig field), then suggests a query rewrite (the suggested_query field) which would improve the query. The rewrite suggestions in this table can be implemented in a variety of ways, including utilizing rules editor or configuring a query parser that rewrites tail queries.

Head Tail Similarity table

Configuration properties

Use this job when you want to compare the head and tail of your queries to find common misspellings and rewritings. See the insights analytics pane for a review of the results of the job.

analyzerConfigQuery - string

LuceneTextAnalyzer schema for tokenization (JSON-encoded)

>= 1 characters

Default: { "analyzers": [ { "name": "StdTokLowerStem","charFilters": [ { "type": "htmlstrip" } ],"tokenizer": { "type": "standard" },"filters": [{ "type": "lowercase" },{ "type": "englishminimalstem" }] }],"fields": [{ "regex": ".+", "analyzer": "StdTokLowerStem" } ]}

countField - stringrequired

Field containing the number of times an event (like a click) occurs for a particular query; count_i in the raw signal collection or aggr_count_i in the aggregated signal collection.

>= 1 characters

Default: count_i

dataFormat - stringrequired

Spark-compatible format which training data comes in (like 'solr', 'hdfs', 'file', 'parquet' etc)

>= 1 characters

Default: solr

enableAutoPublish - boolean

If true, automatically publishes rewrites for rules. Default is false to allow for initial human-aided reviewing

Default: false

fieldToVectorize - stringrequired

Field containing the queries

>= 1 characters

Default: query

filterType - string

The secondary event type (e.g. response) that can be used for filtering out rare searches. Note: In order to use the `response` default value, please make sure you have type:response in the input collection. If there is no need to filter on number of searches, please leave this parameter blank.

Default: response

id - stringrequired

The ID for this Spark job. Used in the API to reference this job. Allowed characters: a-z, A-Z, dash (-) and underscore (_). Maximum length: 63 characters.

<= 63 characters

Match pattern: [a-zA-Z][_\-a-zA-Z0-9]*[a-zA-Z0-9]?

keywordsBlobName - string

Name of the keywords blob resource. Typically, this should be a csv file uploaded to blob store in a specific format. Check documentation for more details on format and uploading to blob store

>= 1 characters

lastTraffic - array[number]

Compute the total number of queries that are spread over each of the specified tail event portions (E.g., 0.01)

Default: 0.01

lenScale - integer

A scaling factor used to normalize the length of the query string. This filters head and tail string match based on if edit_dist <= string_length/length_scale. A large value for this factor leads to a shorter spelling list. A smaller value leads to a longer spelling list but may add lower quality corrections.

Default: 6

mainType - stringrequired

The main signal event type (e.g. click) that head tail analysis is based on. E.g., if main type is click, then head and tail queries are defined by the number of clicks.

>= 1 characters

Default: click

minCountFilter - integer

Minimum number of filtering events (e.g. searches after aggregation) necessary for the query to be considered. The job will only analyze queries that were issued greater or equal to this number of times.

Default: 20

minCountMain - integer

Minimum number of main events (e.g. clicks after aggregation) necessary for the query to be considered. The job will only analyze queries with clicks greater or equal to this number.

Default: 1

outputCollection - string

Solr collection to store head tail analytics results. Defaults to job reports collection

overlapThreshold - integer

The threshold for the number of overlapping tokens between the head and tail. When a head string and tail string share more tokens than this threshold, they are considered a good match.

Default: 4

queryLenThreshold - integer

Minimum length of a query to be included for analysis. The job will only analyze queries with length greater than or equal to this value.

Default: 2

randomSeed - integer

For any deterministic pseudorandom number generation

Default: 1234

readOptions - array[object]

Options used when reading input from Solr or other sources.

object attributes:{key required : {
display name: Parameter Name
type: string
}value : {
display name: Parameter Value
type: string
}}

signalTypeField - stringrequired

The field name of signal type in the input collection.

Default: type

sparkConfig - array[object]

Spark configuration settings.

object attributes:{key required : {
display name: Parameter Name
type: string
}value : {
display name: Parameter Value
type: string
}}

sparkPartitions - integer

Spark will re-partition the input to have this number of partitions. Increase for greater parallelism

Default: 200

tailRewrite - boolean

If true, also generate tail rewrite table, o.w., only get distributions. May need to set it to false in the very first run to help customize head and tail positions.

Default: true

tailRewriteCollection - string

Collection where tail rewrites are stored. Defaults to app's query rewrite staging collection

topQ - array[number]

Compute how many total events come from the top X head queries (Either a number greater than or equal to 1.0 or a percentage of the total number of unique queries)

Default: 1000.01

trafficCount - array[number]

Compute how many queries have events less than each value specified (E.g., a value of 5.0 would return the number of queries that have less than 5 associated events)

Default: 5

trafficPerc - array[number]

Compute how many queries constitute each of the specified event portions(E.g., 0.25, 0.50)

Default: 0.250.50.75

trainingCollection - stringrequired

Signals collection containing queries and event counts. Raw signals or aggregation collection can be used. If aggregation collection is being used, update the filter query in advanced options

>= 1 characters

trainingDataFilterQuery - string

Solr query to use when loading training data if using Solr (e.g. type:click OR type:response), Spark SQL expression for all other data sources

Default: *:*

trainingDataFrameConfigOptions - object

Additional spark dataframe loading configuration options

trainingDataSamplingFraction - number

Fraction of the training data to use

<= 1

exclusiveMaximum: false

Default: 1

type - stringrequired

Default: headTailAnalysis

Allowed values: headTailAnalysis

userHead - number

User defined threshold for head definition. value=-1.0 will allow the program to pick the number automatically. value<1.0 denotes a percentage (e.g 0.1 means put the top 10% of queries into the head), value=1.0 denotes 100% (e.g 1 means put all queries into the head), value>1.0 denotes the exact number of queries to put in the head (e.g 100 means the top 100 queries constitute the head)

Default: -1

userTail - number

User defined threshold for tail definition. value=-1.0 will allow the program to pick the number automatically. value<1.0 denotes a percentage, (e.g 0.1 means put the bottom 10% of queries into the tail) value=1.0 denotes 100% (e.g 1 means put all queries into the tail), value>1.0 denotes the exact number of queries to put into the tail (e.g 100 means the bottom 100 queries constitute the tail).

Default: -1

writeOptions - array[object]

Options used when writing output to Solr.

object attributes:{key required : {
display name: Parameter Name
type: string
}value : {
display name: Parameter Value
type: string
}}